Radio access method for reduced PAPR

ABSTRACT

A wireless communication system is disclosed. A method for performing a radio access in the wireless communication system includes dividing an available frequency band into a plurality of subbands, generating a plurality of frequency domain sequences from a plurality of data symbol sequences by independently performing a Fourier transform process in each of the subbands, independently mapping each of the frequency domain sequences to a corresponding subband, generating one or more transmission symbols by performing an inverse Fourier transform process on the plurality of frequency domain sequences mapped to the available frequency band, and transmitting the one or more transmission symbols to a receiver.

This application is a Continuation of and claims the benefit of U.S.application Ser. No. 12/989,753 filed on Oct. 26, 2010 now issued asU.S. Pat. No. 8,526,529 on Sep. 3, 2013, which is a 35 USC §371 NationalStage entry of International Patent Application No. PCT/KR2009/003794,filed on Jul. 10, 2009, and claims priority to U.S. ProvisionalApplication No. 61/086,466, filed on Aug. 5, 2008 and Korean PatentApplication No. KR 10-2009-0057042, filed Jun. 25, 2009, all of whichare incorporated by reference in their entirety herein.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present invention relates to a wireless communication system, andmore particularly to a wireless communication system for supporting atleast one of Single Carrier-Frequency Division Multiple Access(SC-FDMA), Multi Carrier-Frequency Division Multiple Access (MC-FDMA),and Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA). Inparticular, the present invention relates to a radio access method forreducing a Peak to Average Power Ratio (PAPR) in the wirelesscommunication system.

BACKGROUND ART

FIGS. 1A and 1B are block diagrams illustrating a transmitter and areceiver of a conventional Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access(OFDMA) system, respectively. The OFDMA system uses an orthogonalfrequency division multiplexing (OFDM) scheme. The OFDM scheme divides ahigh rate data sequence into a plurality of low rate data sequences, andsimultaneously transmits the plurality of low rate data sequences usinga plurality of orthogonal subcarriers. The OFDMA implements a multipleaccess by providing each user with some parts of available subcarriers.In an uplink, a transmitter may be used as a part of a user equipment(UE), and a receiver may be used as a part of a base station. In adownlink, a transmitter may be used as a part of a base station, and areceiver may be used as a part of a user equipment (UE).

As shown in FIG. 1A, the OFDMA transmitter 100 includes a constellationmapping module 102, a Serial/Parallel (S/P) converter 104, a symbol tosubcarrier mapping module 106, an Nc-point Inverse Fast FourierTransform (IFFT) module 108, a Cyclic Prefix (CP) module 110, and aParallel/Serial (P/S) converter 112. The aforementioned modules aredisclosed only for illustrative purposes, and the OFDMA transmitter 100may further include additional modules as necessary.

A signal processing in the OFDMA transmitter 100 will hereinafter bedescribed in detail. Firstly, a bit stream is modulated into a datasymbol sequence by the constellation mapping module 102. The bit streamis obtained from a variety of signal processing operations on a datablock received from a Medium Access Control (MAC) layer. For example, achannel encoding, an interleaving, a scrambling, and the like may beapplied on the data block received from the MAC layer. The data blockmay also be referred to as a transport block as necessary. A modulationscheme may be decided in consideration of a channel status, a bufferstatus, a required Quality of Service (QoS), and the like. However, themodulation scheme may further include but not limited thereto a BinaryPhase Shift Keying (BPSK), a Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK), andn-Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (n-QAM). After that, a serial datasymbol sequence may be converted into Nu parallel data symbol sequencesby the S/P converter 104. Nu data symbols are mapped to Nu allocatedsubcarriers from among all the Nc subcarriers, and the Nc-Nu remainingsubcarriers are each padded with ‘0’ by the symbol to subcarrier mappingmodule 106. Then, data symbols mapped to a frequency domain areconverted into time domain sequences by the Nc-point IFFT module 108.After that, in order to reduce an Inter-Symbol Interference (ISI) and anInter-Carrier Interference (ICI), the cyclic prefix module 110 generatesOFDMA symbols by adding a Cyclic Prefix (CP) to the time domainsequences. By the P/S converter 112, the parallel OFDMA symbols areconverted to a serial OFDMA symbol, and the serial OFDMA symbol istransmitted to the receiver after passing through necessary processes.Available subcarriers among the Nc-Nu remaining subcarriers, that havebeen left after being used by the former UE, are allocated to the latterUE, such that the latter UE transmits data through the availablesubcarriers.

As shown in FIG. 1B, a receiver 120 includes a serial/parallel (S/P)converter 122, a Nc-point Fast Fourier transformation (Nc-point FFT)module 124, a subcarrier to symbol mapping module 126, a Parallel/Serial(P/S) converter 128, and a constellation demapping module 130. The orderof signal processing steps of the receiver 120 is opposite to that ofthe transmitter 100.

DISCLOSURE Technical Problem

The OFDMA scheme has a variety of preferable characteristics, forexample, a high spectrum efficiency and robustness about multi-pathinfluences, or the like. However, the worst disadvantage of the OFDMAscheme is a high Peak to Average Power Ratio (PAPR). The high PAPR iscaused by the addition of the same phase of each of subcarriers. PAPR isincreased in proportional to the number of subcarriers via which one UEtransmits a signal, and converges into the range of about 8 dB at areliability level of about 95%. A high PAPR is considered to beundesirable in a wireless communication system, and may deteriorate asystem performance or throughput. In OFDMA symbols, a high peak powermay operate in a non-linear region during a power amplifying process, ormay be fixed (or clipped) to a predetermined value during such a poweramplifying process. Accordingly, the high peak power may unavoidablycause not only deterioration of a signal quality but also a signaldistortion, so that it may unavoidably affect channel estimation, datadetection, and the like.

Accordingly, the present invention is directed to a radio access methodfor a reduced PAPR that substantially obviates one or more problems dueto limitations and disadvantages of the related art.

An object of the present invention is to provide a radio access schemefor increasing efficiency of a power amplifier by reducing a poweramplifier operation range requisite for a transmitter.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a radio accessscheme for providing a good performance and reducing a PAPR of atransmission signal.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a radio accessscheme for guaranteeing a flexibility of scheduling.

Technical subject matters to be realized by embodiments of the presentinvention are not limited to only the following technical subjectmatters, and other technical subject matters not mentioned in thefollowing description may be easily appreciated by those skilled in theart to which the present invention pertains without difficulty.

Additional advantages, objects, and features of the invention will beset forth in part in the description which follows and in part willbecome apparent to those having ordinary skill in the art uponexamination of the following or may be learned from practice of theinvention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention may berealized and attained by the structure particularly pointed out in thewritten description and claims hereof as well as the appended drawings.

Technical Solution

To achieve these objects and other advantages and in accordance with thepurpose of the invention, as embodied and broadly described herein, amethod for performing a radio access in a wireless communication systemincludes dividing an available frequency band into a plurality ofsubbands, generating a plurality of frequency domain sequences from aplurality of data symbol sequences by independently performing a Fouriertransform process in each of the subbands, independently mapping each ofthe frequency domain sequences to a corresponding subband, generatingone or more transmission symbols by performing an inverse Fouriertransform process on the plurality of frequency domain sequences mappedto the available frequency band, and transmitting the one or moretransmission symbols to a receiver.

The number of subcarriers contained in each of the subbands may beindependently established, where the number of the subcarriers may befixed or be semi-statically changed.

At least some subbands among the plurality of subbands may be logicallyadjacent to each other, but be physically spaced apart from each other.

The respective subbands may use different center carriers.

In this case, each of the data symbol sequences may be converted into acorrespondent frequency domain sequence through an independent FastFourier Transformation (FFT) process. In this case, the FFT may becarried out through a Discrete Fourier Transformation (DFT) process.Preferably, a DFT size may be independently established in each subband,and may be equal to a length of a corresponding data symbol sequence.The plurality of data symbol sequences may be derived from the same datablock or different data blocks.

At least one frequency domain sequence may be continuously mapped into acorresponding subband. Also, at least one frequency domain sequence maybe discontinuously mapped into a corresponding subband. In this case,the at least one frequency domain sequence may be independently dividedinto two or more groups, and the respective groups may be continuouslymapped into a corresponding subband. In this case, a distance betweengroups in the same subband may be independently decided. In addition,the size of each group in the same subband may be independently decided.Further, each group size may be set to a multiple of a predeterminedunit.

The plurality of frequency domain sequences mapped to the availablefrequency band may be independently inverse-Fourier-transformed in eachsubband.

One or more transmission symbols may be transmitted using a plurality ofradio frequency (RF) modules established in each subband.

In another aspect of the present invention, a transmitter for supportinga radio access in a wireless communication system includes a firstconversion module for generating a first frequency domain sequence byperforming Fourier transformation on a first data symbol sequence, asecond conversion module for generating a second frequency domainsequence by performing Fourier transformation on a second data symbolsequence, a mapping module for independently mapping the first frequencydomain sequence to a first subband and independently mapping the secondfrequency domain sequence to a second subband in an available frequencyband, an inverse transformation module for generating one or moretransmission symbols by performing inverse Fourier transformation on aplurality of frequency domain sequences mapped to the availablefrequency band, and a Radio Frequency (RF) module for transmitting theone or more transmission symbols to a receiver.

In this case, the number of subcarriers contained in the first subbandand the number of subcarriers contained in the second subband may beestablished independent of each other. The first subband and the secondsubband may be logically adjacent to each other, but be physicallyspaced apart from each other. The first subband and the second subbandmay use different center carriers.

In this case, the first data symbol sequence and the second data symbolsequence may be converted into correspondent frequency domain sequencesthrough their independent Fast Fourier Transformation (FFT) processes.In this case, the FFT may be carried out through a Discrete FourierTransformation (DFT) process. Preferably, a DFT size may beindependently established in each subband, and may be equal to a lengthof a corresponding data symbol sequence. In other words, the frequencydomain sequences may be continuously generated in a frequency domain.The plurality of data symbol sequences may be derived from the same datablock or different data blocks.

In this case, the first and/or second frequency domain sequence(s) maybe continuously mapped into a corresponding subband. The first and/orsecond frequency domain sequence(s) may be discontinuously mapped into acorresponding subband. If the frequency domain sequences arediscontinuously mapped into a corresponding subband, the frequencydomain sequences may be independently divided into two or more groups,and the respective groups may be continuously mapped into acorresponding subband. In this case, a distance between groups in thesame subband may be independently decided. In addition, the size of eachgroup in the same subband may be independently decided. Further, eachgroup size may be set to a multiple of a predetermined unit.

The plurality of frequency domain sequences mapped to the availablefrequency band may be independently inverse-Fourier-transformed in eachof the first and second subbands.

One or more transmission symbols may be transmitted using a plurality ofradio frequency (RF) modules established in each of the first and secondsubbands.

It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description andthe following detailed description of the present invention areexemplary and explanatory and are intended to provide furtherexplanation of the invention as claimed.

Advantageous Effects

As apparent from the above description, the present invention has thefollowing effects.

Firstly, the present invention provides a radio access scheme capable ofincreasing a power amplifier's efficiency by reducing a poweramplifier's operation range needed for a transmitter.

Secondly, the present invention provides a radio access scheme capableof reducing a PAPR of a transmission signal simultaneously whileproviding a satisfactory performance.

Thirdly, the present invention provides a radio access scheme capable ofguaranteeing flexibility of scheduling.

It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that variousmodifications and variations can be made in the present inventionwithout departing from the spirit or scope of the inventions. Thus, itis intended that the present invention covers the modifications andvariations of this invention provided they come within the scope of theappended claims and their equivalents.

DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a furtherunderstanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute apart of this application, illustrate embodiment(s) of the invention andtogether with the description serve to explain the principle of theinvention. In the drawings:

FIGS. 1A and 1B are block diagrams illustrating a transmitter and areceiver of a conventional OFDMA system, respectively.

FIG. 2 exemplarily shows a wireless communication system.

FIG. 3 exemplarily shows carrier aggregation.

FIGS. 4 to 6 are block diagrams illustrating a transmitter and areceiver for carrier aggregation.

FIG. 7A is a block diagram illustrating an example of a Discrete FourierTransformation-spread-Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access(DFT-s-OFDMA) transmitter.

FIG. 7B is a block diagram illustrating an example of a Discrete FourierTransformation-spread-Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access(DFT-s-OFDMA) receiver.

FIG. 8 is a block diagram illustrating an example of an interleavedDFT-s-OFDMA transmitter.

FIG. 9 is a block diagram illustrating an example of a localizedDFT-s-OFDMA transmitter.

FIG. 10 is a block diagram illustrating an example of a clusteredDFT-s-OFDMA transmitter.

FIG. 11 is a block diagram illustrating an example of a hybridNx/clustered DFT-s-OFDMA transmitter in accordance with one embodimentof the present invention.

FIG. 12 is a block diagram illustrating an example of a hybridNx/clustered DFT-s-OFDMA transmitter in accordance with anotherembodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 13 is a conceptual diagram illustrating a method for processingdata symbols using the hybrid Nx/clustered DFT-s-OFDMA transmitterillustrated in FIGS. 11 and 12 in accordance with another embodiment ofthe present invention.

FIG. 14 is a block diagram illustrating another example of a hybridNx/clustered DFT-s-OFDMA transmitter in accordance with anotherembodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 15 is a conceptual diagram illustrating a method for processingdata symbols using the hybrid Nx/clustered DFT-s-OFDMA transmitterillustrated in FIG. 14 in accordance with another embodiment of thepresent invention.

FIG. 16 exemplarily shows a structure of a radio frame.

FIG. 17 exemplarily shows a resource grid for a slot.

FIG. 18 shows a method for allocating data to a resource region using ahybrid Nx/clustered DFT-s-OFDMA scheme.

FIG. 19 shows a simulation result for measuring a PAPR in a hybridNx/clustered DFT-s-OFDMA scheme.

FIG. 20 is a block diagram illustrating a transmitter and a receiveraccording to one embodiment of the present invention.

MODE FOR INVENTION

Reference will now be made in detail to the preferred embodiments of thepresent invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanyingdrawings. Wherever possible, the same reference numbers will be usedthroughout the drawings to refer to the same or like parts.

FIG. 2 exemplarily shows a wireless communication system.

Referring to FIG. 2, a wireless communication system 200 includes aplurality of base stations (BSs) 210 and a plurality of user equipments(UEs) 220. Each base station is generally used as a fixed stationcommunicating with one or more user equipments (UEs). Each base station210 provides a specific geographical region 202 with one or moreservices. In order to improve a system performance, the specific regionmay be divided into a plurality of small-sized regions 204 a, 204 b, and204 c. Each small-sized region is referred to as a cell or sector, andmay be provided by a Base station Transceiver Subsystem (BTS). In the3GPP system, each division region may be referred to as a cell. The cellor sector may represent a BTS and/or a division region according to thecontext. The user equipments (UEs) 220 may be generally distributed in awireless communication system, and may be fixed or movable therein. Eachuser equipment (UE) may communicate with one or more base stationsthrough an uplink or a downlink at a specific moment. The uplink may bea communication link from each user equipment to each base station, andthe downlink may be a communication link from each base station to eachuser equipment. For simplicity of description, FIG. 2 shows only uplinktransmission.

FIG. 3 exemplarily shows carrier aggregation. The carrier aggregationmeans a method for using a plurality of frequency blocks as one largelogical band so as to provide a wireless communication system with awider frequency bandwidth.

As shown in FIG. 3, the entire system bandwidth (System BW) includes abandwidth of 100 MHz as a logical bandwidth. The entire system bandwidthincludes 5 basic frequency blocks, and has a bandwidth of 20 MHz in eachbasic frequency block. Each basic frequency block includes one or moreconsecutive subcarriers which are physically consecutive to each other.Hereinafter, the basic frequency block will hereinafter be referred toas a ‘frequency block’. Although it is assumed that the frequency bandshave the same bandwidth in the present invention, this assumption isdisclosed only for illustrative purposes, and respective frequencyblocks may have different sizes. For example, each frequency block mayhave any one of 1.25 MHz bandwidth, 2.5 MHz bandwidth, 5 MHz bandwidth,10 MHz bandwidth, and 20 MHz bandwidth, or a bandwidth corresponding toa multiple of them. Although respective frequency blocks are consecutiveto each other in FIG. 3, FIG. 3 is shown on the basis of only a logicalconcept, and respective frequency blocks may be physically consecutiveor be spaced apart from each other. Different center carriers may beapplied to respective frequency blocks, or one common center carrier maybe applied to frequency blocks physically consecutive to each other. Forexample, if it is assumed that all frequency blocks are physicallyconsecutive to each other in FIG. 3, the center carrier A may be used.For another example, if it is assumed that respective frequency blocksare not physically consecutive to each other, the respective frequencyblocks may use a center carrier A, a center carrier B and the like,respectively.

When the entire system bandwidth is extended by frequency aggregation, afrequency band used for communication with each user equipment isdefined on a basis of a frequency block. A user equipment A (UE A) mayuse a 100 MHz bandwidth indicating the entire system bandwidth, andcommunicates with a base station using all five frequency blocks. Eachof UEs B1 to B5 may use only a 20 MHz bandwidth, and communicates with abase station using one frequency block. Each of UEs C1 and C2 may use a40 MHz bandwidth, and communicates with a base station using twofrequency blocks. The two frequency blocks may be logically orphysically consecutive or not consecutive to each other. The UE C1 mayuse two frequency blocks not consecutive to each other, and the UE C2may use two frequency blocks consecutive to each other.

FIGS. 4 to 6 are block diagrams illustrating a transmitter and areceiver for carrier aggregation. In FIGS. 4 to 6, PHY 0, PHY 1, . . . ,PHY n−1 represent physical layers (PHY) of respective frequency blocks.Carrier 0, Carrier 1, . . . , Carrier n−1 each represent a centercarrier. Although these figures illustrate that the respective frequencyblocks use different center carriers, it should be noted that the samecenter carrier may also be used in a plurality of frequency blocksphysically consecutive to each other.

As shown in FIG. 4, in a transmitter (a), one Medium Access Control(MAC) entity manages and operates a plurality of frequency blocks. TheMAC entity means a function unit/block to be carried out in a MAC layer.In 3rd Generation Partnership Project Long Term Evolution (3GPP LTE)system, the MAC layer is connected to a physical layer, which is a lowerlayer, over a transport channel, and is connected to a Radio LinkControl (RLC) layer, which is an upper layer, over a logical channel.The MAC layer supports a function for mapping a variety of logicalchannels to a variety of transport channels, a resource scheduling, aHybrid Automatic Repeat and reQuest (HARQ) operation, and the like. Adata block transferred to the physical layer over a transport channel isreferred to as a transport block. The transport block corresponds to aminimum data unit to be allocated whenever a scheduler of the MAC layertransmits data to the physical layer. For convenience of description andbetter understanding of the present invention, the present invention mayuse the term ‘data block’ together with another term ‘transport block’as necessary. Although FIG. 4 shows that a transport block istransmitted on a basis of a frequency block for only illustrativepurposes of the invention, it should be noted that such a transportblock may be transferred on a basis of a plurality of frequency blocks.

As shown in FIG. 5, in a transmitter (a), one MAC entity manages andoperates one frequency block. In other words, the MAC layer and thephysical layer are mapped to each other on a one to one basis. As shownin FIG. 6, in a transmitter (a), a first MAC entity among a plurality ofMAC entities manages and operates one frequency block, and a second MACentity manages and operates two or more frequency blocks. That is, thetransmitter illustrated in FIG. 6 manages and performs frequencyaggregation using a hybrid structure of FIGS. 4 and 5. Accordingly, theMAC layer and the physical layer may have a point-to-point orpoint-to-multipoint mapping relationship therebetween. In FIGS. 4 to 6,a receiver (b) is configured to have another structure opposite to thatof the transmitter (a).

A wireless communication system uses a variety of multiple accesstechnologies to communicate with multiple users. As a representativemultiple access technology, a Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA), aFrequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA), a Time Division MultipleAccess (TDMA), an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA),or the like may be used. The OFDMA is generally used as the principalmultiple access technology for the next generation wirelesscommunication system, because the OFDMA is appropriate for high-ratedata transmission. However, the OFDMA may cause signal qualitydeterioration and signal distortion. In particular, in uplinktransmission in which performance and available power of a poweramplifier are limited, a high PAPR may greatly affect a systemperformance. Accordingly, many people are discussing to a method forimproving PAPR characteristics in such OFDMA.

FIGS. 7A and 7B are block diagrams illustrating a Discrete FourierTransformation-spread-Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access(DFT-s-OFDMA) transmitter and a DFT-s-OFDMA receiver. The DFT-s-OFDMAscheme is different from the OFDMA scheme, because the DFT-s-OFDMAscheme spreads a plurality of data symbols (i.e., a data symbolsequence) over a frequency domain, differently from the OFDMA scheme.The DFT-s-OFDMA scheme can greatly reduce a PAPR of a transmissionsignal as compared to the OFDMA scheme. The DFT-s-OFDMA scheme may alsobe referred to as an SC-FDMA scheme. For convenience of description andbetter understanding of the present invention, the DFT-s-OFDMA schemeand the SC-FDMA may be used together as necessary.

As shown in FIG. 7A, a DFT-s-OFDMA transmitter 700 includes aconstellation mapping module 702, a Serial/Parallel (S/P) converter 704,a Nu-point FFT spreading module 706, a symbol to subcarrier mappingmodule 708, an Nc-point IFFT module 710, a cyclic prefix module 712, anda Parallel/Serial (P/S) converter 714. The above-mentioned modules aredisclosed only for illustrative purposes, and the DFT-s-OFDMAtransmitter 700 may further include additional modules. If necessary,some modules among the above-mentioned modules may be integrated in onefunction, so that the some modules may also be integrated in one module.In this case, Nu is an FFT spreading module input size, and means thenumber of scheduled subcarriers. Nc means the total number ofsubcarriers existing in the system bandwidth (system BW). Accordingly,an Nu value and its associated DFT Input/Output (I/O) size may bevariable within the range of Nu≦Nc according to the amount of datasymbols scheduled at each scheduling time.

A signal processing step for the DFT-s-OFDMA transmitter 700 willhereinafter be described in detail. Firstly, a bit stream is modulatedinto a data symbol sequence by the constellation mapping module 702.Detailed descriptions of a bit stream, a data symbol sequence, amodulation scheme and the like may refer to those of FIG. 1 asnecessary. After that, a serial data symbol sequence is converted intoNu parallel data symbol sequences by the S/P converter 704. TheNu-length parallel data symbol sequences are converted into Nu-lengthfrequency domain sequences through the same-sized FFT processing by theNu-point FFT spreading module 706. The Nu-point FFT spreading module 706performs signal processing using the same FFT size as that of the datasymbol sequence, so that the data symbol sequence is converted intoconsecutive sequences in a frequency domain. The FFT process may becarried out by the Nu-point DFT processing. In the embodiments of thepresent invention, FFT and DFT may be used together as necessary, and aDFT process may be used together with a DFT spreading or a DFTprecoding. After that, the Nu-length frequency domain sequences aremapped to Nu subcarriers allocated from among a total of Nc subcarriers,and the Nc-Nu remaining subcarriers are each padded with ‘0’ by thesymbol to subcarrier mapping module 708. Sequences mapped to Ncsubcarriers are converted into Nc-length time domain sequences by theNc-point IFFT module 710. In order to reduce an Inter-SymbolInterference (ISI) and an Inter-Carrier Interference (ICI), the last Npsamples from among time domain sequences are copied and patched to thefront of the time domain sequences so as to configure a cyclic prefix(CP) by the cyclic prefix module 712. The generated time domainsequences may correspond to one transmission symbol, and may beconverted into a serial sequence by the P/S converter 714. After that,the serial sequence is transmitted to a receiver through frequencyup-conversion or the like. Another UE (i.e., the latter UE) receives anallocation to available subcarriers from among the Nc-Nu remainingsubcarriers that have been left after being used by the former UE, sothat the latter UE transmits data using the allocated availablesubcarriers.

Detailed steps related to the DFT precoding will hereinafter bedescribed with reference to the following equations. Data symbolsequences applied to the DFT spreading module may be represented byd(O), . . . , d(Msymb−1). Each data symbol may be represented by a realnumber or a complex number according to a modulation scheme. The DFTspreading module processes Nu data symbols at one time, so that a datasymbol sequence is divided into Msymb/Nu sets. Each of Msymb/Nu sets mayfinally configure a DFT-s-OFDMA symbol. Data symbols applied to the DFTspreading module can be processed by the following equation 1.

$\begin{matrix}{{{D\left( {{l \cdot N_{u}} + k} \right)} = {\frac{1}{\sqrt{N_{u}}}{\sum\limits_{i = 0}^{N_{u} - 1}{{d\left( {{l \cdot N_{u}} + {\mathbb{i}}} \right)}{\mathbb{e}}^{{- j}\frac{2{\pi \cdot i \cdot k}}{N_{u}}}}}}}{{k = 0},\ldots\mspace{14mu},{N_{u} - 1}}{{l = 0},\ldots\mspace{14mu},{{M_{symb}/N_{u}} - 1}}} & {{Equation}\mspace{14mu} 1}\end{matrix}$

By the DFT precoding, frequency domain sequences denoted by D(O), . . ., D(Msymb−1) are generated. Respective values of the frequency domainsequences decide the size and phase of mapped subcarriers. Nu indicatingthe amplitude of the DFT spreading module is equal to the number ofscheduled subcarriers. In order to make such a DFT operation easier, thefollowing restriction may be given to Nu.N _(u)=2^(α) ² ·3^(α) ³ ·5^(α) ⁵   Equation 2

In Equation 2, α2, α3, or α5 is an integer number equal to or higherthan ‘0’.

As shown in FIG. 7B, a receiver 720 includes an S/P converter 722, anNc-point FFT module 724, a subcarrier to symbol mapping module 726, anNu-point IFFT despreading module 728, a P/S converter 730, and aconstellation mapping module 732. The signal processing steps of thereceiver 720 are arranged in opposite order of those of the transmitter700 and as such a detailed description thereof will be described byreferring to FIG. 7A.

The DFT-s-OFDMA scheme is divided into a plurality of subdivisionDFT-s-OFDMA schemes according to methods for mapping frequency domainsequences generated by the DFT precoding to subcarriers. For example, aninterleaved DFT-s-OFDMA scheme, a localized DFT-s-OFDMA scheme, aclustered DFT-s-OFDMA scheme, and the like may be used as suchsubdivision DFT-s-OFDMA schemes and as such a detailed descriptionthereof will hereinafter be described on the basis of a subcarriermapping scheme.

FIG. 8 is a block diagram illustrating an example of an interleavedDFT-s-OFDMA transmitter. If necessary, the interleaved DFT-s-OFDMAscheme illustrated in FIG. 8 may also be referred to as an InterleavedFDMA (IFDMA) or a Distributed FDMA (DFDMA). For convenience ofdescription, it is assumed that the transmitter 800 of FIG. 8 includes aSerial/Parallel (S/P) converter 804, an Nu-point DFT module 806, asymbol to subcarrier mapping module 808, and an Nc-point IFFT module810. Herein, Nu is the number of scheduled subcarriers, and Nc is thetotal number of subcarriers contained in a system bandwidth (system BW).Referring to FIG. 8, frequency domain sequences generated from the DFTmodule 806 are mapped to subcarriers contained in the system bandwidthat intervals of the same distance by the symbol to subcarrier mappingmodule 808. The interleaved DFT-s-OFDMA scheme illustrated in FIG. 8 cangreatly reduce a PAPR of a transmission signal as compared to the OFDMAscheme. According to the interleaved DFT-s-OFDMA scheme of FIG. 8,because data symbols processed by the DFT scheme are evenly distributedthroughout the entire system bandwidth, the interleaved DFT-s-OFDMAscheme of FIG. 8 can obtain a frequency diversity gain whiletransmitting or receiving data. However, it is impossible for the schemeof FIG. 8 to use a frequency selective scheduling capable of obtaining aperformance gain by transmitting and/or receiving data through aspecific frequency bandwidth having good radio channel responsecharacteristics. In addition, because the scheme of FIG. 8 needs toperform channel estimation about the entire system bandwidth, thisscheme of FIG. 8 may be far from efficiency when there are a smallamount of scheduled resources.

FIG. 9 is a block diagram illustrating an example of a localizedDFT-s-OFDMA transmitter. If necessary, the localized DFT-s-OFDMA schemeof FIG. 9 may also be referred to as a localized FDMA (LFDMA), aNarrowband FDMA (NFDMA), a Classical FDMA (CFDMA), or an FDMA. Forconvenience of description, it is assumed that the transmitter 900 ofFIG. 9 includes a Serial/Parallel (S/P) converter 904, an Nu-point DFTmodule 906, a symbol to subcarrier mapping module 908, and an Nc-pointIFFT module 910. Herein, Nu is the number of scheduled subcarriers, andNc is the total number of subcarriers contained in a system bandwidth(system BW). Referring to FIG. 9, frequency domain sequences generatedfrom the DFT module 906 are mapped to consecutive subcarriers containedin the system bandwidth. In other words, frequency domain sequenceshaving the length of Nu are mapped to Nu consecutive subcarriers. Thelocalized DFT-s-OFDMA scheme of FIG. 9 still has a lower PAPR ascompared to the OFDMA scheme. In addition, the localized DFT-s-OFDMAscheme of FIG. 9 can perform frequency selective schedulingsimultaneously while obtaining a PAPR gain based on the DFT-s-OFDMAscheme. However, the localized DFT-s-OFDMA scheme can transmit datathrough only consecutive subcarriers at a given time, so thatflexibility of scheduling may be unavoidably deteriorated. For example,when a transmitter and a receiver have good radio channel responsecharacteristics in a plurality of frequency domains spaced apart fromeach other at a certain time, it is impossible for the localizedDFT-s-OFDMA scheme of FIG. 9 to simultaneously transmit data to theplurality of frequency domains spaced apart from each other.

FIG. 10 is a block diagram illustrating an example of a clusteredDFT-s-OFDMA transmitter. For convenience of description, it is assumedthat the transmitter 1000 of FIG. 10 includes a Serial/Parallel (S/P)converter 1004, an Nu-point DFT spreading module 1006, a symbol tosubcarrier mapping module 1008, and an Nc-point IFFT module 1010.Herein, Nu is the number of scheduled subcarriers, and Nc is the totalnumber of subcarriers contained in a system bandwidth (system BW).Referring to FIG. 10, frequency domain sequences generated from the DFTmodule 1006 are discontinuously mapped to a frequency band at irregularintervals by the symbol to subcarrier mapping module 1008. It can berecognized that the clustered DFT-s-OFDMA scheme of FIG. 10 isimplemented when the localized DFT-s-OFDMA scheme is independentlyapplied to a plurality of frequency domains spaced apart from eachother. Each frequency band to which the localized DFT-s-OFDMA scheme isapplied is referred to as a cluster. The cluster includes one or moreconsecutive subcarriers. Accordingly, in this scheme of FIG. 10, aplurality of DFT-precoded data symbols are mapped to consecutivesubcarriers contained in each of M clusters (M≧1) separated from eachother on a frequency axis. FIG. 10 exemplarily shows the case of threeclusters. The sizes of respective clusters (i.e., the number ofsubcarriers) may be equal to each other or may be independentlyestablished. If M is equal to or higher than 1, a PAPR value of thetransmission signal becomes higher than that of the localizedDFT-s-OFDMA scheme. In contrast, if M is set to a specific value withinan appropriately small range, a PAPR less than that of the OFDMA schemeis still guaranteed and the flexibility of scheduling can be improvedaccording to the clustered DFT-s-OFDMA scheme of FIG. 10.

Although the DFT-s-OFDMA scheme guarantees a PAPR value less than thatof the OFDMA scheme, the DFT-s-OFDMA scheme still has a higher PAPRvalue as compared to a single carrier system. In order to more quicklytransmit much more data, a wireless communication system is evolvinginto an improved system capable of transmitting and receiving datathrough a broadband region. For example, although the 3GPP LTE(Release-8) system supports a maximum of 20 MHz bandwidth, a 3GPPLTE-Advanced (Release-9) system for implementing the fourth generationcommunication is designed to support a maximum of 100 MHz bandwidth. Inthis way, in the case where a DFT scheme is performed over the entiresystem bandwidth in a system capable of transmitting and receiving datathroughout a broadband region, unexpected problems may occur incomplexity of a transmitter. In particular, if the transmitter is usedas a user equipment (UE), the importance of a high PAPR and a systemcomplexity greatly increases.

Accordingly, the present invention provides a method for dividing theentire system bandwidth into N subbands (where N>1) in a wirelesscommunication system, performing an independent DFT process on each ofthe N subbands, and transmitting data through the individual subbands.Although the base station can use the entire system bandwidth, the userequipment (UE) can use only some parts of the entire system bandwidthdue to limitations of its capacity or policy. Therefore, the userequipment divides an available system bandwidth into a plurality ofsubbands. For convenience of description, the system bandwidth and theavailable system bandwidth may be used together as necessary inembodiments of the present invention, and may be analyzed inconsideration of their contexts. Information about respective subbandsis shared between a base station and a user equipment.

Preferably, the wireless communication system includes a broadbandsystem. According to embodiments of the present invention, the broadbandsystem may include a system capable of supporting a frequency bandwidthwider than the 20 MHz bandwidth. For example, the broadband system mayinclude a system for supporting a bandwidth of more than 20 MHz and abandwidth of a maximum of 100 MHz. In addition, the broadband system mayinclude a system for using a plurality of frequency blocks using carrieraggregation. The scope of the broadband system in the present inventionis not limited thereto, and may further include the 3GPP LTE-Advanced(Release-9) system and the IEEE 802.16m system.

In the present invention, there is no special limitation in a method formapping a plurality of data symbol sequences spread over a frequencydomain through independent DFT processes to subcarriers. For example,the present invention may use an interleaved DFT-s-OFDMA scheme, alocalized DFT-s-OFDMA scheme, a clustered DFT-s-OFDMA scheme, or thelike. However, considering the flexibility of scheduling and the systemcomplexity, it is preferable that the clustered DFT-s-OFDMA scheme beused after the lapse of each DFT process. In addition, each independentDFT process may be combined with a correspondent independent IFFTprocess. That is, an independent DFT/IFFT process is performed in eachsubband, resulting in the implementation of data transmission.Embodiments to be described later will be described by referring to theclustered DFT-s-OFDMA scheme. For convenience of description, schemesaccording to embodiments of the present invention may be referred to asa hybrid Nx/clustered DFT-s-OFDMA scheme.

FIG. 11 is a block diagram illustrating an example of a hybridNx/clustered DFT-s-OFDMA transmitter in accordance with one embodimentof the present invention. In FIG. 11, it is assumed that the DFT/IFFTprocess is applied to each of subbands. For convenience of description,it is assumed that the transmitter 1100 illustrated in FIG. 11 includesserial/parallel (S/P) converters 1104 a to 1104 c, DFT spreading modules1106 a to 1106 c, a symbol to subcarrier mapping module 1108, and IFFTmodules 1110 a to 1110 c.

As shown in FIG. 11, the entire system bandwidth is divided into threesubbands. In this case, individual subbands may have the same ordifferent sizes. Each subband includes one or more consecutivesubcarriers, and individual subbands may be physically adjacent to eachother or be spaced apart from each other. In a wireless communicationsystem based on carrier aggregation, each subband may correspond to eachfrequency block. In this embodiment of the present invention, anclustered DFT-s-OFDMA scheme is independently applied to each subband.Therefore, the transmitter 1100 requires three DFT processes which areoperating independent of each other. For one example, the transmitter1100 may include three independent DFT modules 1106 a to 1106 c. Foranother example, the transmitter 1110 may include DFT modules, thenumber of which is less than the number of established subbands, and mayprovide each subband with an independent DFT process by re-using all orsome of the DFT modules. The number of subcarriers of each subband maybe fixed or be semi-statically established. In this embodiment, it isassumed that the number of subcarriers contained in a first subband(Subband 1) is set to Nc1, the number of subcarriers contained in asecond subband (Subband 2) is set to Nc2, and the number of subcarrierscontained in a third subband (Subband 3) is set to Nc3. The number ofdata symbols allocated to respective subbands may be changeable everyscheduling time. In this embodiment, it is assumed that the number ofdata symbols scheduled to a first subband (Subband 1) is set to Nu1, thenumber of data symbols scheduled to a second subband (Subband 2) is setto Nu2, and the number of data symbols scheduled to a third subband(Subband 3) is set to Nu3.

Referring to the first subband (Subband 1), the first data symbolsequence is converted into Nu1 parallel data symbols at one time by theS/P converter 1104 a. After that, Nu1 data symbols are spread over afrequency domain by the first DFT module 1106 a. The size of the firstDFT module 1106 a may be equal to Nu1 indicating the number of inputdata symbols. The Nu1-length frequency domain sequences generated fromthe first DFT module 1106 a are mapped to subcarriers of the firstsubband (Subband 1) by the symbol to subcarrier mapping module 1108. Inmore detail, the frequency domain sequences are mapped to one or moreclusters established in the first subband (Subband 1). If a plurality ofclusters are established in the first subband (Subband 1), thepositions, sizes, and numbers of respective clusters may beindependently established. The clusters are spaced apart from each otheron a frequency axis. The size of each cluster may be designated using abasic cluster unit so as to reduce signaling overhead or the like. Thebasic cluster unit may be decided by a pre-defined resource allocationunit or a multiple thereof. For example, a basic cluster unit may bedefined on a basis of a resource block in the 3GPP system. In the 3GPPsystem, a resource block is defined as (7 or 6 SC-FDMA symbols×12subcarriers) according to cyclic prefix categories. In the meantime, thesize of a basic cluster unit may be decided in consideration of abandwidth of the first subband (Subband 1). For example, considering thebandwidth of the first subband (Subband 1), the basic cluster unit sizemay be pre-defined as any one of two resource blocks, four resourceblocks, and eight resource blocks. After that, the Nc1-Nu1 remainingsubcarriers other than clusters are each padded with ‘0’ in the firstsubband (Subband 1), information mapped to the first subband (Subband 1)is converted into a first time domain sequence by the Nc1-point IFFTmodule 1110 a. The first time domain sequence may correspond to atransmission symbol, and is transmitted to a receiver after passingthrough a cyclic prefix addition process or the like. A transmissionsymbol is generated at intervals of Nu1 data symbols, so that one ormore first transmission symbols are generated from the first data symbolsequence.

The signal processing in the second subband (Subband 2) or the thirdsubband (Subband 3) is equal to that of the first subband (Subband 1),so that a detailed description of the second and third subbands mayrefer to that of the first subband (Subband 1). In conclusion, one ormore second transmission symbols are generated from the second datasymbol sequence in the second subband (Subband 2). One or more thirdtransmission symbols are generated from the third data symbol sequencein the third subband (Subband 3). In the hybrid Nx/clustered DFT-s-OFDMAscheme, data symbols transmitted through respective subbands may belongto different data blocks. Also, data symbols transmitted through some orall subbands contained in the system bandwidth may belong to the samedata block. A data block is a minimum data unit which is allocated froma scheduler of the MAC layer to a physical layer at each datatransmission time. In the present invention, the MAC layer data blockmay be used together with a transport block as necessary. Aretransmission process of the physical layer may be independentlycarried out on a basis of a data block. If necessary, one or more datablocks may be collected into one group, so that they may be processedthrough the same retransmission process.

First to third transmission symbols respectively generated in first tothird subbands (Subband 1 to Subband 3) may be transmitted to a receiverusing a variety of methods. For example, if the first to third subbands(Subband 1 to Subband 3) are physically adjacent to each other, thefirst to third transmission symbols may be transmitted to a receiverusing one carrier. In more detail, first to third transmission symbolsmay be processed to neighbor with each other on a frequency axis by apreliminary frequency conversion process, and finally, the resultantfirst to third transmission symbols may be transmitted to a receiverusing one carrier. Another example of such transmission symbols is shownin FIG. 12.

FIG. 12 is a block diagram illustrating an example of a hybridNx/clustered DFT-s-OFDMA transmitter in accordance with anotherembodiment of the present invention. In FIG. 12, it is assumed that aDFT/IFFT process is applied to each of respective subbands. Forconvenience of description, it is assumed that the transmitter 1200 ofFIG. 12 includes serial/parallel (S/P) converters 1204 a to 1204 c, DFTmodules 1206 a to 1206 c, a symbol to subcarrier mapping module 1208,and IFFT modules 1210 a to 1210 c. Compared with FIG. 11, thetransmitter 1200 of FIG. 12 includes frequency up-conversion modules1212 a to 1212 c for respective subbands. The frequency up-conversionmodules 1212 a to 1212 c may be used as a part of the RF module. Thestructure of FIG. 12 is basically equal to that of FIG. 11, so that adetailed description of FIG. 12 will refer to FIG. 11.

Differently from FIG. 11, first to third transmission symbols generatedin the first to third subbands (Subband 1 to Subband 3) are transmittedto a receiver using different carriers. For example, in the case wheresubbands are not physically adjacent to each other, first to thirdtransmission symbols may be transmitted to a receiver using differentcarriers. For another example, in the case where subbands are physicallyadjacent to each other, the first to third transmission symbols may betransmitted to a receiver using different carriers. In this case, thescheme of FIG. 12 need not perform the preliminary up-conversion processfor allowing the first to third transmission symbols to neighbor witheach other on a frequency axis.

FIG. 13 is a conceptual diagram illustrating a method for processingdata symbols using the hybrid Nx/clustered DFT-s-OFDMA transmitterillustrated in FIGS. 11 and 12 in accordance with another embodiment ofthe present invention. For convenience of description, only the signalprocessing about two subbands is shown in FIG. 13, and sequencesgenerated from respective steps are also simply shown in FIG. 13.

Referring to FIG. 13, the signal processing about respective subbandsmay be simultaneously and parallelly carried out using independentmodules. Also, some steps may be repeatedly carried out using the samemodule. Firstly, a first data symbol sequence based on Nu1 units isapplied to a first DFT module. A second data symbol sequence based onNu2 units is applied to a second DFT module. Hereinafter, the datasymbol sequences applied to the DFT module are denoted by {ds,n}. In thefollowing description, ‘s’ is a subband index, and ‘n’ is asymbol/sequence index. {d1,n} 1310 a is Nu1-point DFT-processed, so that{d1,n} 1310 a is converted into an Nu1-length first frequency domainsequence. Similarly, {d2,n} 1310 b is Nu2-point DFT-processed, so that{d2,n} 1310 b is converted into an Nu2-length second frequency domainsequence. Hereinafter, the frequency domain sequence generated from theDFT module is denoted by {Ds,n}. The DFT precoding may be carried out byreferring to the method illustrated in FIG. 7A.

After that, the DFT-precoded data symbols are mapped to subcarriersequences. Hereinafter, a subcarrier sequence for the entire systembandwidth is denoted by {Zn}, and a subcarrier sequence for each subbandis denoted by {Zs,n}. {Zn} 1330 is composed of {Z1,n} 1330 a and {Z2,n}1330 b. For convenience of description, a boundary between {Z1,n} 1330 aand {Z2,n} 1330 b is denoted by a dotted line as shown in FIG. 13. {Zn}1330 has the length of Nc, where Nc is equal to the number ofsubcarriers contained in the system bandwidth.

{Z1,n} 1330 a has the length of Nc1, where Nc1 is equal to the number ofsubcarriers contained in the first subband (Subband 1), and {Z2,n} 1330b has the length of Nc2, where Nc2 is equal to the number of subcarrierscontained in the second subband (Subband 2), as denoted by Nc=Nc1+Nc2.The mapping process is carried out using the clustered DFT-s-OFDMAscheme, and {D1,n} 1320 a having the length of Nu1 is mapped to one ormore clusters established in {Z1,n} 1330 a. For convenience ofdescription, each cluster is denoted by a bold line. The Nc1-Nu1remaining positions other than the bold-lined clusters are each paddedwith ‘0’. Similarly, {D2,n} 1320 b is mapped to clusters contained in{Z2,n} 1330 b, and the Nc2-Nu2 remaining positions other than theclusters are each padded with ‘0’.

After that, {Z1,n} 1330 a is converted into a time domain sequence{z1,n} 1340 a through one IFFT process, and {Z2,n} 1330 b is convertedinto a time domain sequence 1340 b through another IFFT process.Thereafter, some samples from {z1,n} 1340 a or {z2,n} 1340 b are copiedand then added thereto as a cyclic prefix, so that transmission symbolsfor respective subbands are generated. Respective transmission symbolsare transmitted to a receiver after passing through parallel/serial(P/S) conversion, frequency up-conversion process, etc.

FIG. 14 is a block diagram illustrating another example of a hybridNx/clustered DFT-s-OFDMA transmitter in accordance with anotherembodiment of the present invention. In FIG. 14, it is assumed that aDFT process is applied to each subband and one IFFT process is appliedto the system bandwidth. For convenience of description, it is assumedthat the transmitter 1400 includes serial/parallel (S/P) converters 1404a to 1404 c, DFT modules 1406 a to 1406 c, a symbol to subcarriermapping module 1408, and an IFFT module 1410 in FIG. 14. Compared withFIG. 11, the transmitter 1400 illustrated in FIG. 14 includes only oneIFFT module 1410. The above-mentioned modules shown in FIG. 14 arebasically equal to those of FIG. 11, so that a detailed descriptionthereof will be described by referring to FIG. 11.

The transmitter 1400 of FIG. 14 performs one IFFT process over a systembandwidth, so that one transmission symbol is generated within thesystem bandwidth. For reference, in case of FIGS. 11 and 12, an IFFTprocess is applied to each subband, so that a transmission symbol isgenerated in each subband. In a time domain, a useful duration of thetransmission symbol is decided by a subcarrier spacing. If it is assumedthat the same subcarrier spacing is used in FIGS. 11 and 14, thetransmission symbol generated in the FIG. 14 has a shorter sampling timein a time domain as compared to that of FIG. 11.

The transmission symbol generated from the IFFT module 1410 may betransmitted to a receiver using one or more carriers according toimplementations. For example, if subbands are physically adjacent toeach other, the transmission symbol is up-conversion processed at aspecific center frequency, and is then transmitted to a receiver. Foranother example, if subbands are not physically adjacent to each other,a transmission symbol is divided into transmission symbols correspondingto respective subbands using a filter or the like, and then the dividedtransmission symbols may be transmitted to a receiver using a pluralityof carriers.

FIG. 15 is a conceptual diagram illustrating a method for processing adata symbol using the hybrid Nx/clustered DFT-s-OFDMA transmitterillustrated in FIG. 14 in accordance with another embodiment of thepresent invention. For convenience of description, FIG. 15 shows onlythe signal processing about two subbands, and simply shows sequencesgenerated from individual steps. A detailed description of FIG. 15 isbasically equal to that of FIG. 13, and as such a detailed descriptionthereof will be described by referring to FIG. 13. Compared with FIG.13, the IFFT process is not carried out in each subband, but is carriedout in the entire system bandwidth in FIG. 15. Accordingly, the entiresystem bandwidth's sequence corresponding to {Zn} 1530 having the lengthof Nc is converted into a time domain sequence {zn} 1540 a through theIFFT process. After that, some samples from {zn} 1550 are copied andthen added thereto as a cyclic prefix, so that a transmission symbol forthe entire system bandwidth is generated. If necessary, the generatedtransmission symbol may be divided into transmission symbols forrespective subbands using a filter or the like. After that, thetransmission symbols are parallel-to-serial converted, arefrequency-up-converted, and the final resultant transmission symbols aretransmitted to a receiver.

FIG. 16 exemplarily shows a radio frame.

Referring to FIG. 16, a radio frame includes 10 subframes, and eachsubframe includes two slots. A duration time required for transmittingeach subframe is referred to as a transmission time interval (TTI). Forexample, the length of each subframe may be set to 1 ms, and the lengthof each slot may be set to 0.5 ms. Each slot includes a plurality oftransmission symbols in a time domain, and includes a plurality ofresource blocks in a frequency domain. The above-mentioned radio frameillustrated in FIG. 16 is disclosed only for illustrative purposes, andthe number of subframes contained in the radio frame, the number ofslots contained in each subframe, and the number of transmission symbolscontained in each slot may be changeable in various ways.

FIG. 17 exemplarily shows a resource grid for a slot. Although an uplinkslot is shown in FIG. 17, the structure of FIG. 17 may also be equallyapplied to a downlink slot.

Referring to FIG. 17, an uplink slot includes a plurality of SC-FDMAsymbols in a time domain, and includes a plurality of resource blocks ina frequency domain. Although an uplink slot includes 7 SC-FDMA symbolsand a resource block includes 12 subcarriers as shown in FIG. 17, itshould be noted that the scope of the uplink slot and the resource blockis not limited thereto. For example, the number of SC-FDMA symbolscontained in the uplink slot may be changeable according to the lengthof a cyclic prefix. Each element on a resource grid is referred to as aresource element. One resource block includes 12×7 resource elements.The number (NUL) of resource blocks contained in the uplink slot issubjected to an uplink transmission bandwidth established in a cell.

FIG. 18 shows a method for allocating data to a resource region using ahybrid Nx/clustered DFT-s-OFDMA scheme. In FIG. 18, a horizontal axis isa time domain and indicates a slot, and a vertical axis is a frequencydomain and indicates a basic cluster unit. In FIG. 18, a time slot maybe replaced with a subframe. The basic cluster unit is a basic unit forconstructing a cluster, and includes one or more neighboringsubcarriers. The basic cluster unit may include one or more resourceblocks. However, the scope of such a basic cluster unit is not limitedthereto, but the basic cluster unit may be defined as two resourceblocks, four resource blocks, or eight resource blocks.

Referring to FIG. 18, the system bandwidth includes two subbands.Although a first subband (Subband 1) and a second subband (Subband 2)are spaced apart from each other in FIG. 18, this arrangement of thefirst and second subbands (Subband 1 and Subband 2) is disclosed onlyfor illustrative purposes, and it should be noted that the first subband(Subband 1) and the second subband (Subband 2) may be adjacent to eachother as necessary. The number of subcarriers contained in the firstsubband (Subband 1) and the number of subcarriers contained in thesecond subband (Subband 2) are established independent of each other,and may be fixed or be semi-statically changed. The number Nu1 of datasymbols allocated to the first subband (Subband 1) and the number Nu2 ofdata symbols allocated to the second subband (Subband 2) may bechangeable at each scheduling time. For convenience of description,although only two subbands are exemplarily shown in FIG. 16, it shouldbe noted that the system bandwidth may include many more subbands. In awireless communication system capable of supporting carrier aggregation,each subband may correspond to each frequency block for such carrieraggregation.

The transmitter performs Nu1-point DFT precoding on Nu1 data symbols,and maps generated first frequency domain sequences to clusters of thefirst subband (Subband 1). Similarly, the transmitter performs Nu2-pointDFT precoding on Nu2 data symbols, and maps generated second frequencydomain sequences to clusters of the second subband (Subband 2). Thenumbers, sizes, and positions of such clusters may be establishedindependent of each other, and may be changeable at each schedulingtime. However, considering system complexity, a PAPR, or the like, thesize (i.e., the number of subcarriers) of each cluster contained in thesame subband may also be limited.

Referring to the first subband (Subband 1), Nu1 DFT-precoded datasymbols are mapped to three clusters in a first slot, and are mapped toone cluster in a second slot. Referring to the second subband (Subband2), Nu2 DFT-precoded data symbols are mapped to one cluster in a firstslot, and are mapped to three clusters in a second slot. Data symbolstransmitted through the first subband (Subband 1) and the second subband(Subband 2) may belong to different data blocks, or may also belong tothe same data block. Preferably, data symbols transmitted through thefirst subband (Subband 1) and the second subband (Subband 2) belong todifferent data blocks. For example, if it is assumed that data symbolstransmitted through the first subband (Subband 1) belong to a first datablock (Data Block 1), data symbols transmitted through the secondsubband (Subband 2) may belong to a first or second data block (DataBlock 1 or 2).

FIG. 19 shows a simulation result for measuring a PAPR in a hybridNx/clustered DFT-s-OFDMA scheme. The system bandwidth includes 2048subcarriers, and uses QPSK-modulated data symbols. It is assumed thatthe system bandwidth includes 8 clusters and each of the eight clustershas the same size. In addition, it is assumed that a case in which thesystem bandwidth is not divided, a case in which the system bandwidth isdivided into two equal subbands, a case in which the system bandwidth isdivided into four equal subbands, and a case in which the systembandwidth is divided into eight equal subbands are used in FIG. 19.DFT-s-OFDMA process is independently processed in each subband. Thesimulation result is shown in the following Table 1.

TABLE 1 No 2 4 8 subband subbands subbands subbands 24 SC/CL 7.55 dB7.00 dB 6.21 dB 5.81 dB (8 CLs) (100%) (92.72%) (82.25%) (76.96%) 48SC/CL 7.53 dB 6.99 dB 6.23 dB 5.77 dB (8 CLs) (100%) (92.83%) (82.74%)(76.63%) 96 SC/CL 7.58 dB 7.00 dB 6.21 dB 5.79 dB (8 CLs) (100%)(92.35%) (81.93%) (76.39%)

In Table 1, ‘SC/CL’ means ‘subcarrier/cluster’.

Referring to Table 1, PAPR is not greatly affected by the number ofsubcarriers contained in a cluster, and is affected by the number ofclusters capable of being simultaneously processed by the DFT-s-OFDMAprocess. In other words, in the case where the system bandwidth isprocessed by one DFT-s-OFDMA process, the number of clusters increases,resulting in a deterioration of PAPR. In particular, considering that aPAPR generally converges in the range of about 8 dB at a reliabilitylevel of 95% according to the OFDMA scheme, it can be recognized that ifthe system bandwidth is not divided, PAPR gain is slight consideringthat of the OFDMA scheme.

Accordingly, because the number of available clusters capable of beingused for resource allocation is limited in the conventional method, itis impossible for the conventional method to perform flexiblescheduling. In contrast, in the case where the entire system bandwidthis divided into a plurality of subbands, and a DFT-s-OFDMA process isperformed in each subband, the number of clusters to be processed isreduced, and thus a PAPR is also largely reduced. In more detail, PAPRsgenerated when the system bandwidth is divided into two, four and eightsubbands are less than PAPR generated when system bandwidth is notdivided by a maximum of 7.65%, 12.07%, and 23.61%. In particular, if itis assumed that a PAPR based on the OFDMA scheme is 8 dB, PAPRs acquiredfrom embodiments of the present invention correspond to 87.38%, 77.63%,and 72.12% of the above OFDMA-based PAPR, respectively, so that it canbe recognized that a PAPR gain is considerable. Accordingly, the presentinvention can simultaneously provide a low PAPR and the flexiblescheduling using the hybrid Nx/clustered DFT-s-OFDMA scheme.

FIG. 20 is a block diagram illustrating a transmitter and a receiveraccording to the present invention. In a downlink, a transmitter 1810 isused as a part of a base station, and a receiver 1850 is used as a partof a user equipment (UE). In an uplink, a transmitter 1810 is used as apart of a user equipment (UE), and is used as a part of a base station.

Referring to FIG. 20, in the transmitter 1810, a transmission (Tx) dataand pilot processor (Tx Data and Pilot Processor) 1820 encodes data (forexample, traffic data and signaling), interleaves the encoded data, andperforms symbol mapping on the interleaved data, thus generating datasymbols. The processor 1820 generates pilot symbols, so that itmultiplexes the data symbols and the pilot symbols. As can be seen fromthe embodiments of the present invention, the data symbol is amodulation symbol for data, and the pilot symbol is a modulation symbolfor a pilot. The modulation symbol may be represented by a real numberor complex number about one point contained in a constellation. A hybridNx/clustered DFT-s-OFDMA modulator 1830 generates transmission symbolsusing the processes illustrated in FIGS. 11 to 15. A radio frequency(RF) module 1832 performs a variety of processes (e.g., analogueconversion, amplifying, filtering, and frequency-up conversion) on thetransmission symbols, thus generating an RF signal to be transferredthrough an antenna 1834. In the receiver 1850, an antenna 1852 receivesa signal transferred from the transmitter 1810, and provides the RFmodule 1854 with the received signal. The RF module 1854 performs avariety of processes (e.g., filtering, amplifying, frequency-downconversion, and digitalizing) on the received signal, and provides inputsamples. A hybrid Nx/clustered DFT-s-OFDMA demodulator 1860 demodulatesinput samples (e.g., inverse processes of FIGS. 11 to 15) and providesdata values and pilot values using the demodulated input samples. Achannel estimator 1880 derives a channel estimation value from thereceived pilot values. The hybrid Nx/clustered DFT-s-OFDMA demodulator1860 detects (or equalizes) received data values using the channelestimation value, and provides data symbol estimation values for thetransmitter 1810. A reception (Rx) data processor 1870 performs symboldemapping, de-interleaving, and decoding on data symbol estimationvalues, and provides decoded data. Generally, the hybrid Nx/clusteredDFT-s-OFDMA demodulator 1860, and the Rx data processor 1870 in thereceiver 1850 are complementary to the hybrid Nx/clustered DFT-s-OFDMAdemodulator 1830, and the Tx Data and Pilot processor 1820 in thetransmitter 1810.

Controller/Processor 1840 controls and manages operations of a varietyof processing modules in the transmitter 1810, and Controller/Processor1890 controls and manages operations of a variety of processing modulesin the receiver 1850. A memory 1842 stores program codes and data forthe transmitter 1810, and a memory 1892 program codes and data for thereceiver 1850.

The exemplary embodiments described hereinabove are combinations ofelements and features of the present invention. The elements or featuresmay be considered selective unless otherwise mentioned. Each element orfeature may be practiced without being combined with other elements orfeatures. Further, the embodiments of the present invention may beconstructed by combining parts of the elements and/or features.Operation orders described in the embodiments of the present inventionmay be rearranged. Some constructions or characteristics of any oneembodiment may be included in another embodiment and may be replacedwith corresponding constructions or characteristics of anotherembodiment. It is apparent that the present invention may be embodied bya combination of claims which do not have an explicit cited relation inthe appended claims or may include new claims by amendment afterapplication.

The above-mentioned embodiments of the present invention have beendisclosed on the basis of a data communication relationship between abase station and a terminal. Specific operations to be conducted by thebase station in the present invention may also be conducted by an uppernode of the base station as necessary. In other words, it will beobvious to those skilled in the art that various operations for enablingthe base station to communicate with a terminal in a network composed ofseveral network nodes including the base station will be conducted bythe base station or other network nodes other than the base station. Theterm ‘Base Station’ may be replaced with a fixed station, Node-B,eNode-B (eNB), or an access point as necessary. The term ‘terminal’ maybe replaced with a user equipment (UE), a mobile station (MS) or amobile subscriber station (MSS) as necessary.

The embodiments of the present invention may be achieved by variousmeans, for example, hardware, firmware, software, or a combinationthereof. In a hardware configuration, the embodiments of the presentinvention may be implemented by one or more application specificintegrated circuits (ASICs), digital signal processors (DSPs), digitalsignal processing devices (DSPDs), programmable logic devices (PLDs),field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), processors, controllers,microcontrollers, microprocessors, etc.

In a firmware or software configuration, the embodiments of the presentinvention may be achieved by a module, a procedure, a function, etc.performing the above-described functions or operations. Software codemay be stored in a memory unit and driven by a processor. The memoryunit is located at the interior or exterior of the processor and maytransmit data to and receive data from the processor via various knownmeans.

It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that variousmodifications and variations can be made in the present inventionwithout departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Therefore,the above-mentioned detailed description must be considered for onlyillustrative purposes instead of restrictive purposes. The scope of thepresent invention must be decided by a rational analysis of claims, andall modifications within equivalent ranges of the present invention arecontained in the scope of the present invention.

INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY

The present invention is applicable to a wireless communication system.In more detail, the present invention can be applied to a wirelesscommunication system for supporting at least one of SC-FDMA, MC-FDMA,and OFDMA. In more detail, the present invention is applicable to aradio access method for reducing a PAPR in the above-mentioned wirelesscommunication system.

The invention claimed is:
 1. A method for transmitting radio signals bya communication apparatus in a wireless communication system, the methodcomprising: configuring plural subbands allocated from an entirebandwidth; generating each of plural frequency domain sequences fromeach of plural data symbol sequences by performing a Fourier transformprocess in each of the plural subbands; mapping each of the pluralfrequency domain sequences to one or more clusters in each of the pluralsubbands, each cluster consisting of consecutive subcarriers; generatingeach of plural time domain sequences from each of the mapped pluralfrequency domain sequences through one or more inverse Fourier transformprocesses; and transmitting each of plural radio signals, each radiosignal including each of the plural time domain sequences.
 2. The methodaccording to claim 1, wherein the plural subbands are logically adjacentto each other, but are physically spaced apart from each other.
 3. Themethod according to claim 1, wherein the respective subbands usedifferent center carriers.
 4. The method according to claim 1, whereineach of the plural data symbol sequences is converted into each of theplural frequency domain sequences through an independent DiscreteFourier Transformation (DFT), and each DFT size is equal to a length ofinput data symbol sequences.
 5. The method according to claim 1, whereineach of the plural data symbol sequences is derived from each of pluralMedium Access Control (MAC) layer data blocks.
 6. The method accordingto claim 1, wherein clusters in a subband are spaced apart from eachother on a frequency axis.
 7. The method according to claim 1, whereinthe size of the cluster is set to a multiple of a basic unit forresource allocation.
 8. A communication apparatus for transmitting radiosignals in a wireless communication system, the communication apparatuscomprising: a radio frequency (RF) module; and a processor, wherein theprocessor is configured to: configure plural subbands allocated from anentire bandwidth; generate each of plural frequency domain sequencesfrom each of plural data symbol sequences by performing a Fouriertransform process in each of the plural subbands; map each of the pluralfrequency domain sequences to one or more clusters in each of the pluralsubbands, each cluster consisting of consecutive subcarriers; generateeach of plural time domain sequences from each of the mapped pluralfrequency domain sequences through one or more inverse Fourier transformprocesses; and transmit each of plural radio signals, each radio signalincluding each of the plural time domain sequences.
 9. The communicationapparatus of claim 8, wherein the plural subbands are logically adjacentto each other, but are physically spaced apart from each other.
 10. Thecommunication apparatus of claim 8, wherein the respective subbands usedifferent center carriers.
 11. The communication apparatus of claim 8,wherein each of the plural data symbol sequences is converted into eachof the plural frequency domain sequences through an independent DiscreteFourier Transformation (DFT), and each DFT size is equal to a length ofinput data symbol sequences.
 12. The communication apparatus of claim 8,wherein each of the plural data symbol sequences is derived from each ofplural Medium Access Control (MAC) layer data blocks.
 13. Thecommunication apparatus of claim 8, wherein clusters in a subband arespaced apart from each other on a frequency axis.
 14. The communicationapparatus of claim 8, wherein the size of the cluster is set to amultiple of a basic unit for resource allocation.